See imperfective aspect in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "imperfective aspect (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Belarusian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Georgian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "en:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "perfective aspect"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "2007, Almut Hintze, A Zoroastrian Liturgy: The Worship in Seven Chapters (Yasna 35—41), Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, page 240,\nIf the root meaning is iterative or durative, such as 'to go', the verb belongs to the imperfective aspect and forms a root present."
},
{
"text": "2012, David Holton, Peter Mackridge, Irene Philippaki-Warburton, Vassilios Spyropoulos (reviser), Greek: A Comprehensive Grammar of the Modern Language, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2nd Edition, page 286,\nThe imperfective aspect in Greek presents the action or state expressed by the verb either as a single but continuous event (progressively) or as a repetitive or habitual one."
},
{
"text": "2012, Zygmunt Frajzyngier, A Grammar of Wandala, Walter De Gruyter (De Gruyter Mouton), page 149,\nSubject pronouns precede the simple form of the verb and the reduplicated form of the verb in the imperfective aspect."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A feature of a verb which denotes that its action or condition does not have a fixed temporal boundary, but is habitual, unfinished, continuous, repetitive or in progress."
],
"id": "en-imperfective_aspect-en-noun-5~wF1ffa",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"habitual",
"habitual"
],
[
"unfinished",
"unfinished"
],
[
"continuous",
"continuous"
],
[
"repetitive",
"repetitive"
],
[
"in progress",
"in progress"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) A feature of a verb which denotes that its action or condition does not have a fixed temporal boundary, but is habitual, unfinished, continuous, repetitive or in progress."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "aorist aspect"
},
{
"word": "iterative aspect"
},
{
"word": "perfective aspect"
},
{
"word": "semelfactive aspect"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njezakónčanaje tryvánnje",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "незако́нчанае трыва́нне"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nesvǎršén vid",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несвърше́н вид"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "未完成體"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wèiwánchéngtǐ",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "未完成体"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "非完成體"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "非完成体"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēiwánchéngtǐ",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "非完整体"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nedokonavý vid"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "imperfektiivinen aspekti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfectif"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "usruli asṗekṭi",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "უსრული ასპექტი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Imperfektum"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mi tetelesménos",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μη τετελεσμένος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "folyamatos/befejezetlen szemlélet/igeszemlélet/aspektus"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfetto"
},
{
"alt": "みかんりょうそう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mikanryōsō",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "未完了相"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "miwallyosang",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "미완료상"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "burwallyosang",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "불완료상"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "burwallyoche",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "불완료체"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "imperfectum"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nésvršen vid",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "не́свршен вид"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aspekt niedokonany"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfectivo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"noun"
],
"word": "imperfect"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "aspect imperfect"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nesoveršénnyj vid",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несоверше́нный вид"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "несвршени вид"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "nesvršeni vid"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "nedokonavý vid"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfecto"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "imperfekt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "imperfektum"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "nagaganap"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nedokónanyj vyd",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недоко́наний вид"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "thể chưa hoàn thành"
}
]
}
],
"word": "imperfective aspect"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "perfective aspect"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "imperfective aspect (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "aorist aspect"
},
{
"word": "iterative aspect"
},
{
"word": "perfective aspect"
},
{
"word": "semelfactive aspect"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Belarusian terms with redundant script codes",
"Bulgarian terms with redundant script codes",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Georgian terms with redundant script codes",
"Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with redundant script codes",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Grammar"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "2007, Almut Hintze, A Zoroastrian Liturgy: The Worship in Seven Chapters (Yasna 35—41), Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, page 240,\nIf the root meaning is iterative or durative, such as 'to go', the verb belongs to the imperfective aspect and forms a root present."
},
{
"text": "2012, David Holton, Peter Mackridge, Irene Philippaki-Warburton, Vassilios Spyropoulos (reviser), Greek: A Comprehensive Grammar of the Modern Language, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2nd Edition, page 286,\nThe imperfective aspect in Greek presents the action or state expressed by the verb either as a single but continuous event (progressively) or as a repetitive or habitual one."
},
{
"text": "2012, Zygmunt Frajzyngier, A Grammar of Wandala, Walter De Gruyter (De Gruyter Mouton), page 149,\nSubject pronouns precede the simple form of the verb and the reduplicated form of the verb in the imperfective aspect."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A feature of a verb which denotes that its action or condition does not have a fixed temporal boundary, but is habitual, unfinished, continuous, repetitive or in progress."
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"habitual",
"habitual"
],
[
"unfinished",
"unfinished"
],
[
"continuous",
"continuous"
],
[
"repetitive",
"repetitive"
],
[
"in progress",
"in progress"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) A feature of a verb which denotes that its action or condition does not have a fixed temporal boundary, but is habitual, unfinished, continuous, repetitive or in progress."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njezakónčanaje tryvánnje",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "незако́нчанае трыва́нне"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nesvǎršén vid",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несвърше́н вид"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "未完成體"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wèiwánchéngtǐ",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "未完成体"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "非完成體"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "非完成体"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēiwánchéngtǐ",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "非完整体"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nedokonavý vid"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "imperfektiivinen aspekti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfectif"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "usruli asṗekṭi",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "უსრული ასპექტი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Imperfektum"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mi tetelesménos",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μη τετελεσμένος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "folyamatos/befejezetlen szemlélet/igeszemlélet/aspektus"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfetto"
},
{
"alt": "みかんりょうそう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mikanryōsō",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "未完了相"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "miwallyosang",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "미완료상"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "burwallyosang",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "불완료상"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "burwallyoche",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "불완료체"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "imperfectum"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nésvršen vid",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "не́свршен вид"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aspekt niedokonany"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfectivo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"noun"
],
"word": "imperfect"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "aspect imperfect"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nesoveršénnyj vid",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несоверше́нный вид"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "несвршени вид"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "nesvršeni vid"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "nedokonavý vid"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfecto"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "imperfekt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "imperfektum"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "nagaganap"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nedokónanyj vyd",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недоко́наний вид"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "feature of a verb",
"word": "thể chưa hoàn thành"
}
],
"word": "imperfective aspect"
}
Download raw JSONL data for imperfective aspect meaning in English (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.